The 'Genocide of Rwandan Tutsis 1994' case study is describing the difficulties and dilemmas met by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) during the genocide of Rwandan Tutsis in April, May and June 1994.

The ‘War crimes and politics of terror in Chechnya 1994-2004’ case study describes the constraints, questions and dilemmas experienced by MSF while speaking out during the two Russian-Chechen wars and the following years of the so-called ‘normalization’.

The ‘Violence against Kosovar Albanians NATO’s intervention 1998-1999’ case study describes the constraints and dilemmas faced by Médecins Sans Frontières teams when witnessing the process of terror and expulsion they described as the ‘deportation’ of Kosovar Albanians by Serb forces.

The ‘Violence of the New Rwandan Regime’ case study describes the difficulties and dilemmas faced by Médecins Sans Frontières teams in 1994 and 1995 when confronted with the abuses and crimes of the new regime who had put an end to the Genocide of Tutsis and taken over Rwanda in July 1994.

The 'Famine and Forced Relocations in Ethiopia 1984-1986' case study describes the constraints, questions and dilemmas faced by MSF during the famine that decimated Ethiopian populations in 1984-1985. This famine triggered an unprecedented humanitarian mobilisation and huge media attention.

The case study ‘MSF and Srebrenica 1993-2003’ explores the constraints, questions and dilemmas raised when MSF spoke out about the events that occurred in Srebrenica’s Muslim enclave. The enclave was besieged in 1993 and then seized by Bosnian Serb forces in July 1995. 8,000 men and young men over the age of 16 were massacred, despite the presence of the United Nations Peacekeeping forces supposedly providing protection in what had been declared a "security zone".

The ‘Hunting and killings of the Rwandan refugee in Zaire/Congo’ case study describes the constraints and dilemmas faced by Médecins Sans Frontières’ teams in 1996 and 1997 when trying to bring assistance to the Rwandan refugees in Eastern Zaire, after their camps had been attacked by rebel forces supported by the Rwandan army.

The 'Salvadoran Refugee Camps in Honduras 1988' case study describes the dilemmas regarding a public stance that was not supposed to be public. In 1988, after 8 years in the Salvadoran refugee camps in Honduras, MSF decided to withdraw. MSF refused to meet the excessive, and even dangerous demands by the refugee committees, these extensions of the Salvadoran guerrilla forces that exerted a tight and violent control over the refugee camps.

In this case study, MSF reveals the constraints, questions and dilemmas inherent to its public positioning in the context of a conflict marked by ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity and repeated attacks on humanitarian action.

The 'Rwandan Refugee Camps in Zaire -Tanzania 1994-1995' case study describes the constraints, questions and dilemmas met by MSF when confronted with ‘refugee leaders” tight control over refugee camps in Zaire and Tanzania. Some of those camps were transformed into rear basis from which they planned to re-conquer Rwanda and complete the genocide of Tutsi via a massive diversion of aid, violence, propaganda and threats against refugees wishing to repatriate.

The ‘Somalia 1991-1993: Civil War, Famine Alert and a UN “Military-Humanitarian” Intervention‘ case study describes the constraints, questions and dilemmas faced by MSF during the first year of its intervention to assist the populations of Somalia, after the civil war started in 1991.

The case study "MSF and the Rohingya 1992 - 2014" brings to light two decades of MSF advocacy activities as part of its humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya people in Bangladesh and Myanmar and explores the questions and dilemmas the organisation was confronted with surrounding speaking out.