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Tackling institutional discrimination and racism within MSF

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In July 2020, the international leadership of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) made a public commitment to tackle discrimination and racism within our organisation. The Core Executive Committee (Core ExCom) pledged to “lead the way for the radical action sought after and demanded by our associations.” This commitment came amid powerful global movements for racial equity and health equity, spurred in part by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also followed years of advocacy by MSF staff calling for change.

In 2020, the Core ExCom (see glossary at bottom) defined an action plan, identifying seven priority or key areas as requiring urgent and concrete action:

1: Management of abuse and inappropriate behaviour
2: Staff reward, including remuneration and benefits
3: Exposure to risk – safety and security  
4: People recruitment and development  
5: Communications and fundraising
6: Standards of care for the patients and communities with whom we work
7: Executive governance and representation

In early 2022, we provided an update on progress for the previous 18 months, up until December 2021. Nearly four years on from the Core ExCom’s initial commitment, and two years since the last update, we are outlining our progress on these seven areas over 2022 and 2023.

We are publicly publishing our progress, as we want staff, patients, communities, donors, stakeholders, and the public at large to see where we stand on each of these areas, including areas where we are struggling to move forward. Doing so is the best way to be transparent and demonstrate accountability for our actions. We took stock of what we managed to achieve in the last two years – and where we still have work to do – at the end of 2023.

While we worked on all of the above seven areas, the Core ExCom prioritised tackling issues of abuse and inappropriate behaviour, and addressing inequities in our staff rewards and remuneration system.

Our staff, association members, partners, donors and the communities we serve are expecting results on the areas that we have committed to improve. While we have made significant progress in some areas since the launch of the Action Plan, in others, we recognise that we still have more to do. Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President

“This is why we commit to creating an updated Action Plan with clear milestones to take us to the finish of our current strategic period at the end of 2025. Today, we hope that this update provides some idea of the progress that we’ve made, and that our stakeholders continue to hold us accountable on achieving this important work.”
- Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President

This is not an exhaustive list of all initiatives to tackle discrimination and racism in MSF, but a summary of some of the main movement-wide progress made since the launch of the Action Plan, based on priorities agreed by MSF’s Executive Committee (ExCom). There are countless initiatives being carried out in our projects and Operational Directorate (OD) headquarters that are not covered in this update. For transparency purposes, we have retained the update we provided in February 2022, for the progress made during 2020 and 2021, which can be found underneath this update.

To provide clarity and aid understanding of MSF’s decision-making and leadership platforms, we have included a short glossary of terms within MSF referred to in this document, at the bottom of this page.

2022 and 2023 update

Addressing issues around abuse have been a high priority for MSF leadership. In the last two years, increased attention and effort have been put into tackling these issues. We continue to collect data on behavioural complaints in MSF. A breakdown of the number and type of complaints we receive (made by staff, patients and their caretakers, community members, and others), and those complaints that are confirmed each year), can be found here. While each year generally sees incremental increases in the numbers of complaints received, we know that there is more work to be done to enable anyone affected by, who witnesses, or has concerns about abuse to report it.

MSF continues to make efforts to create an environment free from abuse and harm for our staff and for patients, their caretakers, and the communities in which we work. A focus on prevention and detection of abuse, alongside making reporting mechanisms accessible and inclusive, are critical for this work. When complaints about abuse are made, ensuring that there are sufficient, well-trained persons in place to address them is also critical to illustrate our commitment to take allegations of abuse seriously, to address them in a timely manner, and take responsive and remedial action, should abuse be found to have occurred.
 
Over the last two years, we have moved forward in our efforts to prevent, detect, and address abuse by:

  • Hiring a Safeguarding Coordinator – at the international level, an International Safeguarding Coordinator (ISC) was hired and started work in 2023. The ISC works to define and advance safeguarding work within MSF, working with all stakeholders across the movement. This includes defining what actions need to be taken by MSF to continuously improve our ability to prevent and detect abuse, enable reporting of abuse, ensure allegations of abuse are addressed, and ensure that there are trained people who can address allegations of abuse in a timely and professional manner. The ISC also coordinates platforms for behavioural leads in MSF (both in operations and partner sections).
  • Working to create a pool of investigators – approving the establishment of a global pool of investigators for administrative investigations of allegations of abuse in the countries and projects where we operate or have presence.
  • Common case management mechanism – a common case management mechanism has been designed to respond to concerns or reports of serious allegations of abuse spanning multiple MSF entities. The mechanism includes clear processes to be activated, to address such cases efficiently.  
  • Field based positions – in Bangladesh and Afghanistan we’ve engaged staff to work on prevention, detection, strengthening reporting, and addressing abuse, as well as rolling out a safeguarding risk assessment in certain locations.

In addition, many activities require ongoing and continuous work. For example, awareness-raising about expected behaviour and how and where to raise complaints about abuse; training staff; training managers on how to welcome complainants; risk assessments; safe recruitment and performance management; strengthening efforts on DEI; focusing on patient centred approaches; case management and investigation; improving access to reporting mechanisms (including for patients and communities), and understanding barriers to reporting.

“We have listened to feedback from our staff, and we are striving towards more equity and better transparency on how people are remunerated for their work. Through the Rewards Review, we carried out an in-depth analysis of our existing policies and process, and developed proposals on what needs to change. This change is complex and ambitious, but we can’t afford not to succeed.”
- Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President

We are aware that MSF’s salary and reward policies and processes do not align with our ambition for a diverse global workforce. They do not adequately support our evolving operational and organisational requirements, lead to inconsistencies, hinder mobility, and are perceived as inequitable by many of our staff. To address these inequities, over the last two years we’ve taken the following actions:

  • A review of our policies and processes – the Rewards Review – was carried out to systematically analyse MSF’s existing approach to pay and benefits. Between 2021 and 2023, this review involved over 4,000 staff, who provided input over 450 staff engagement sessions. The review also analysed data on how our workforce has evolved, how staff are paid today, and how MSF pays staff compared to other employers in similar contexts.  
  • In April 2023 the results of the review were presented to the ExCom and identified problems, including: policies and practices that have not evolved with trends; unacceptable differences in pay and benefits packages; inconsistencies in valuing jobs and staff support; and inadequate HR governance and accountability.
  • In May 2023, the executive leadership of MSF agreed to significant changes to MSF’s rewards policies to address these problems, including a set of core benefits for all staff; minimum standards for pay; a consistent definition of living wage with adjusted methodology; a consistent benchmarking approach; two new staff groupings – mobile staff and country-based staff – to replace the existing, outdated groups; and a framework to ensure that jobs and functions are graded consistently across the organisation.

These are very significant changes that will take several years to fully roll-out. However, key improvements for some staff have already been implemented from October 2023 including:

  • The removal of the indemnity (the practice whereby mobile staff received an indemnity payment instead of a salary for the first 12 months of working with MSF).
  • The launch of the International Contracting Office (ICO) to provide a consistent contracting experience, aligning pay and benefits for staff who don’t have an MSF contracting office in their own country (see more under section 4, People recruitment and development).
  • The set up of the MSF International Retirement Savings Plan for ICO contracted staff.

 

Working in contexts of violence and conflict have been an integral part of MSF’s operations since our inception. Ensuring the safety and security of our staff is one of our biggest priorities, and challenges. We choose the areas where we run our projects, and in doing so, we seek to anticipate, prevent, and address security threats within projects.

Human resources restrictions for staff working in our programmes based on non-professional criteria – gender, ethnicity, physical appearance, religion, age, nationalities, etc – can be imposed on MSF by external organisations, such as states or armed groups, or decided by MSF. This is a compromise in our preferred way of working and we seek to limit the use of these restrictions to a minimum.  
 
When decided by MSF, the two rationales on HR restrictions are:  

  • the safety and security of our teams and our operations; and
  • where required, to ensure our access to communities.  

HR restrictions processes, decision making, and implementation are internal to each OD, but the processes are shared amongst ODs. Furthermore, the type and location of restrictions are also shared and reviewed once a year at the RIOD; each OD is responsible to update this common tool.

Generally speaking, responsibility for safety and security measures for our staff lie principally with the ODs, with whom the bulk of this work rests. Therefore, the remit of the Core ExCom’s plan is to assist with the coordination of these measures.

 

MSF’s existing staffing model has led to unequal access to recruitment and career development opportunities. This contributes to a lack of diversity in team composition; poor gender ratios among programme staff; difficulties in access to coordination and management positions for locally hired staff; and has resulted in over-representation of staff of Western origin in senior and leadership roles.

Our decentralised organisational structure, with multiple legal employers and different HR policies and practices, represents a key challenge when it comes to recruiting, retaining and developing our staff. There is no single organisational workforce strategy, and our principles are applied differently across our various operational directorates and other MSF entities. With a number of our operational directorates reporting a shortage of experienced international mobile staff, a further challenge is how to retain experienced staff at the same time as recruiting and developing new staff internationally and locally, and reversing the deteriorating gender ratios among mobile staff.  

To address these and other inequities, over the last two years, we have achieved the following objectives:

  • Contracts for staff located without an MSF office – an International Contracting Office (ICO) was established, and in October 2023 the ICO issued its first contracts to mobile staff who don’t have an MSF contracting office in their own country and ran the first payroll. The ICO provides a consistent contracting experience, aligning pay and benefits for these staff regardless of the operational directorate they work for. It also provides a seamless support during their career with MSF and one single point of contact for contracting purposes.
  • Delocalised headquarters – the International Office and a number of the ODs have increasingly delocalised positions, and even entire departments, away from their traditional European bases. This means that vacancies for headquarters positions are being opened across regional hubs, including in Nairobi, Amman, Dakar, Dubai, Bogotá and Buenos Aires, increasing diversity in some of those positions and departments and HQs in general.
  • Job vacancies page – a recruitment page on msf.org was launched, so that job vacancies across many MSF offices are accessible to anyone interested in working for MSF; 1,685 vacancies were published since the site’s launch in April 2022 until the end of 2023.
  • Accessible employer policies site – a new site (rewards.msf.org) with information on ‘MSF as an employer’ and reward policies was launched in 2022, accessible to all MSF staff (including those without an MSF email address and therefore no access to the organisation’s intranet).
  • Human resources portal – a human resources portal was launched, and all HR policies and guidelines were made accessible in Arabic, English, French and Spanish to staff with access to an MSF computer; for staff without an MSF log in, we have made policies available on the rewards page on msf.org.
  • Improved data reporting and analysis – the 2022 MSF Staff Data and Trends Report, published in June 2023, included improved analysis and more detailed reporting on workforce make-up, to help us improve our understanding of our workforce and how it’s evolving. ODs are using this information to inform approaches to recruitment and development through the Recruitment and Career Management Platform.

 

“We are committed to respecting the dignity and agency of the people we treat, and recognise that this is fundamental to fulfilling our mission to bear witness and speak out about human suffering. We are working to improve our guidelines, standards, and policies, and we are also shifting our own mindset.”
- Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President

With MSF communication and fundraising materials providing the public face of the organisation, calls to ensure that these materials respect and demonstrate the dignity and agency of patients and our staff, and to eliminate perceptions of white saviourism, neo-colonialism and racism, have become urgent from both within and outside of MSF. While there is still work to do, there has been significant progress made towards achieving the objectives set for Communications and Fundraising in tackling Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) issues. They include:

  • DEI guide for communications – a DEI guide was produced by the dedicated taskforce that advises MSF teams on the creation of more respectful, ethical and inclusive public communications productions that accurately represent our staff, patients and the communities with whom we work in a dignified way. A course on using the DEI Guideline has been developed in English, French and Spanish and has been published on our inhouse training platform.
  • DEI language guidelines – starting in mid-2021 and continuing into 2022, “Guidelines to equitable, respectful and inclusive language in MSF communications” were published in languages including English, French, Arabic, and Spanish. These guidelines, which complement the DEI guide, help MSF content producers, editors and disseminators use appropriate terms to describe people, crises and contexts. Other, topic-specific guidelines – such as on disability – were produced and disseminated in 2022 and 2023.
  • DEI-focused positions – a temporary DEI Guideline Roll-out Coordinator position was recruited at the end of 2022 to facilitate the rollout and training on the guide, with a fundraising professional also trained as a DEI facilitator identified. This role has since ended given the roll-out had been completed as envisaged.
  • Online DEI hub – the DEI knowledge hub for MSF Communications and Fundraising Professionals, also known as Ubuntu, was also launched in September 2022. The aim of this online internal hub is to inform and inspire communications and fundraising teams on DEI matters and link to existing internal and external resources on the topic.
  • Feedback group – a Peer Feedback Group was created to provide feedback on the sensitivity of packages, with a large group of volunteers from across the movement reviewing communications content and flagging concerns related to portraying patients/communities in an undignified manner, advancing stereotypes, and/or the inclusion of hero/white saviour narratives. The Peer Feedback Group’s highly valuable work has since been promoted further to ensure support is sought early in e.g. campaign production development processes.
  • Media database review – An audio-visual media database content review was launched in 2021, with a revision of photos being completed in August 2023. More than 150,000 pictures were reviewed to identify any imagery that did not comply with our ethical standards and DEI commitments, with 114,000 being reviewed twice; about 12,500 photos were flagged and 2,500 have since been removed from view and use.
  • Pledge to tackle problematic imagery – in June 2022, the Full DirCom issued a statement pledging to accelerate action on multiple fronts to better manage the collection, use, dissemination, and storage of photographs and video taken at our medical projects.
  • External advice and recommendations – Following the Full DirCom’s pledge, and based on the work of the database review, a series of workshops with two advisory panels – one with medical and other functional experts from inside MSF and another with academics and professionals from outside MSF – were organised to gather their advice and recommendations on audio-visual practices, with a report being produced.
  • Audio-visual ethical framework – from the report’s recommendations, funding was secured for a position to develop, disseminate and roll-out (including through appropriate training) a new audio-visual ethical framework (guidelines) for MSF. This expert was identified and started work in January 2024.
  • Photographer contracts proposal – After being alerted that images that do not comply with our DEI commitments taken previously in MSF structures remain available for distribution by photographers or through photo agencies, contracts for photographers have been collected and reviewed, and proposals for new clauses and contracts have been produced.

 

MSF has made the commitment to systematically integrate diversity, equity and inclusion principles in deciding where and how we respond in the countries we work and in setting standards of care for the communities we work in. This commitment puts the focus on the people we serve, while ensuring our staff practice an inclusive and non-discriminatory provision of care.  

We are working to apply these principles to our existing medical policies, activities, and initiatives, based on three key pillars of work:

  • integrating diversity, equity and inclusion action points in medical guidelines and policies
  • implementing a patient/person/community-centred approach and ensuring programme choices and project designs include a diversity, equity and inclusion lens, and
  • developing shared accountability through identification of relevant indicators and ensuring their application for proper monitoring and evaluation of progress.

Over the last two years, work on this area has included:

  • Patient Charter – In 2023, a patient charter was developed in consultation with internal and external experts as well as patient representatives, and finalised in collaboration with the International Board. Based on the provision of effective, safe, and equitable healthcare in the contexts in which we work, the Charter’s principles include Dignity and Respect; Safe healthcare and Protection; Access; Information; Participation and Consent; Privacy and Confidentiality; Feedback and Complaints Procedures. These principles today serve as a guide for each operational directorate to implement and adapt according to the cultural and context particularities of their project settings.
  • Protecting patient data – Work on implementing a patient data protection strategy has continued, which ensures the protection of patient health data centred on patient rights and medical confidentiality. Critical in ensuring protection is in informing patients on how their medical information is used and what mechanisms are available to them in case of concern.  As part of this effort, a patient health information notice form has been finalised and is being systematically included in our facilities.
  • A list of quality-of-care indicators – A library of quality-of-care indicators was developed and approved by the DirMed and MedOp platforms, to be used by the various intersectional medical platforms and ODs in their data collection sets. This should help in the monitoring of the levels of quality of care achieved in a given time period. In addition, patient safety indicators are also being standardised.
  • Coherent optimisation of activity data – A health data strategy has been developed under the DirMed platform that aims to optimise and secure the use of medical activity data (number of consultations, type, etc), providing a coherent approach across ODs. The strategy takes a data minimisation approach, which helps ensure quality monitoring, that unnecessary data is not collected, and that patient information is used optimally.  
  • Quality medical products review – In ensuring we are providing quality medical and healthcare products, a review of the work of the Quality Assurance team was undertaken, with areas of progress and further need for development highlighted. Work on this is coordinated between the International Medical Quality Products and Publication team, supply centres and the Global Procurement Unit, amongst others.
  • Mutual Accountability Revision process – a revision process of the mutual accountability mechanism – the tools and methodologies by which MSF measures the quality and relevance of our activities – was launched in 2022, to review the typology indicators used, the governance process, the quality of analysis, and to ensure that diversity, equity and inclusion is included in reflections. An important part of this revision is finding with which teams and stakeholders need to be engaged and consulted to capture relevant information, data and reporting.  

 

The history of MSF’s founding and evolution over the last 50 years has meant that the power and decision-making structure within MSF has been concentrated in Europe. In recent years, we have questioned how this decision-making power should be distributed across the MSF movement. Since the creation of the West and Central Africa operational directorate in 2019 – which granted decision-making on where and how MSF operations are run for the first time outside of Europe – this has slowly begun to change. However, the decision-making entities in MSF continue, for the most part, to lie within Europe.

To address this, we’re critically evaluating and addressing our structure. We’re doing this through a project which will allow us to maintain a solid and accountable system of governance, but which would provide more flexibility in having decision-making entities established outside of Europe.

Up until the end of 2023, the Full ExCom developed a vision document on how to manage the number and location of current and future entities, always keeping how these entities will benefit the work of MSF at the core of their decisions.

 

Conclusion: Progress is being made – but there’s still a lot more to do

“We acknowledge that progress on our commitments since we launched the Action Plan has been uneven. Some areas have moved forward in leaps and bounds; others have advanced very little. However, in all areas, we know that we need keep making improvements. What has been outlined here is not an exhaustive list of what we’re doing, but we are continuing to work hard and bring more developments.”  
Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President

We have started processes that are ultimately about changing our culture, governance, and the way we work. While full implementation will take time, we are committed to carrying out these transformative processes. We believe that these organisational reforms will make a difference to our staff, patients and communities.

We have made significant progress in some areas during the last two years, but we acknowledge that progress in other areas has not been as advanced as we had anticipated. We know that we cannot stop now; we are committed to keep moving forward.

 

July 2020 - December 2021 update

Published 7 February 2022

In 2020, the deep inequities exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic converged with powerful movements for racial equality around the world. In parallel, a multitude of grassroots voices denounced MSF’s own struggle to tackle racism and discrimination. 

Despite years of raising awareness and efforts to address these issues, we acknowledged that progress had not been fast enough. In July 2020, recognising the pain and anguish expressed by many of our staff and patients, MSF made a public commitment to tackle discrimination and racism within our organisation

Almost 18 months into the process, it is time to provide an honest update of where we are and how much more we need to do.

The information provided here is not an exhaustive list of all initiatives but summarises some of the main movement-wide progress based on priorities agreed by MSF’s Executive Committee. There are countless initiatives being carried out in our projects and headquarters that are not covered in this update. This should serve as a baseline for future reporting on these issues.

We remain committed to “lead the way for the radical action sought after and demanded by our associations” and identified the following seven areas as needing urgent and concrete action.

Conclusion: A fundamental shift in our culture

“We must also acknowledge the initiatives that are happening across the MSF movement. These initiatives aim to ensure that all voices are heard, by creating DEI councils, engaging in associative and executive meetings and discussions, launching surveys and reports, and using external consultants and agencies to help remove possible bias in collecting views and developing the way forwards. We need local solutions as well as global approaches.” - Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President

The processes we have started are not about making small adaptations here and there. Instead they amount to a deep cultural change that will influence all levels and all activities of our organisation. They will bring about changes that will make a tangible difference to the daily lives of our staff, our patients and their communities. We cannot underestimate the scale of the challenge that a true culture shift represents. While there has been progress in the right direction, we know that we still have a long way to go.  

 

July 2020 - December 2021 update

There is clearly an unacceptable gap between what we should be doing and what we are doing – for our own staff and for our patients and their communities.

Complaints from MSF staff and association members, as well as public reports, have indicated that there is insufficient trust in both reporting mechanisms and the management of complaints within MSF. Part of the answer to this lack of trust is the need to increase the ownership of these mechanisms at all levels of the organisation, by providing dedicated trained staff and financial resources, and by encouraging our diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) and behaviour units to learn from each other’s expertise.

Our internal reviews have also shown that MSF struggles to respond rapidly enough to cases of abuse and inappropriate behaviour in the countries and emergency contexts in which we work. In 2020, we received 389 reports of abuse, including 41 complaints of discrimination. 

To begin to address these shortfalls, we have created the following initiatives: 

  • A platform to share best practices and develop tools for managing cases of abuse, including developing clear and systematic messages on acceptable behaviour. 
  • A shared anti-discrimination learning programme, which can be adapted to local needs and will be suitable for all staff, both in our projects and in headquarters.  
  • An induction module on behaviour, as part of the general induction available to all new staff.
  • An ‘Anti-Racism Project’, which aims to create anti-racism awareness and embed anti-racism practices into the way we operate. 
  • An intersectional booklet on behaviour which provides an overview of how we deal with behaviour issues. 
  • A range of other tools including posters, videos, briefing packages, trainings, workshops and case management guidelines. 

At the same time, we need to ensure that our patients and the communities with whom we work are included in the prevention and detection strategies we are developing. So far, this has been a challenge, given the slow progress made on adapting messages and tools for each country. We are aware that we have not yet made sufficient efforts to communicate proactively with patients and communities regarding their rights and their options to bring grievances to MSF We also aim to decentralise prevention, detection, case management towards regional and local levels.

“In conversations with MSF staff members from across the globe, we are challenged frequently on rewards policies and on the different treatment experienced by different staff groups. People are right to challenge us – and to challenge MSF leadership – because we have much more to deliver.” - Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President.

We are aware that MSF’s reward policies and processes do not align with our ambition for a diverse global workforce, are insufficient to fully support our evolving operational and organisational needs, lead to inconsistencies, hamper mobility and are perceived as inequitable by many of our staff. Specifically: 

  • There is a lack of clarity about the principles guiding our rewards and how they are applied or prioritised.  
  • Historic staff groupings (ie ‘international staff’, ‘national staff’ and ‘headquarters staff’) are outdated. 
  • MSF offices use different salary scales to determine pay and benefits, which leads to inconsistencies and hinders joint operational initiatives and staff mobility. In some contexts, salaries at the lower end of the scale are not sufficient to guarantee a decent standard of living. 
  • The current remuneration system for internationally mobile staff is seen by some staff as inequitable and discriminatory because it uses domicile as a basis for determining pay.

To address these inequities, we have set up the ‘Rewards Review Project’ and will launch the ‘MSF International Contracting Office’ (see section 4 for more details - LINK), which include the following initiatives: 

  • Our ‘Contracting and Rewards Strategy’ will define how we group staff to determine where and how they are contracted and rewarded. This will specify whether a staff member is paid a local salary, a global salary or a combination of the two, and will specify the rewards staff may receive in addition to their salary and core benefits. To design this strategy, we are receiving expert technical advice and comparing our system with that of other international NGOs.  
  • Our ‘Minimum Standards for Pay and Benefits’ will specify how local and global salary grids are developed, how they are benchmarked against labour markets, how they take into account the cost of living, and how they are adjusted and reviewed. We are also building a comprehensive database of MSF benchmarking data. Initial proposals for minimum standards for benefits include parental leave (for birth or adoption), paid leave and death and disability benefits. 
  • Our ‘Global Grading Framework’ is being designed with the help of external management consultants to ensure that positions are graded consistently, regardless of where the job is located. 
  • The complex requirement for our rewards, the size and diversity of our workforce and our organisational structure means that the Rewards Review deliverables require time and investment. In addition, the impact on our workforce and wage bill will be significant. We expect design and stakeholder engagement to continue through 2022, with implementation starting at the end of 2022. 

“In some insecure contexts, the presence of certain profiles can increase the risk of detention, abduction and armed attacks, both for individuals and MSF teams as a whole. We know that there is a need to improve our overall understanding of exposure to risk and impact, including in highly insecure contexts and in relation to types of operations and categories of staff.” - Dr Christos Christou, MSF International President.

This will involve developing consistent guidelines about which conditions justify selecting staff according to their non-professional profiles – a practice known as ‘profiling’, which consists of selecting people according to criteria such as ethnicity, nationality, gender and religion. 

To address this issue, we held a workshop in Dakar in October 2020 to analyse the main issues around profiling and discuss the ethical questions it raises. These include: to what extent is it acceptable to practice this de facto discrimination? To what extent does profiling increase the security of individuals, teams and MSF as a whole? What are the consequences of profiling on staff members’ career paths and on our human resources policy? Further discussions in September 2021 concluded that profiling should be used solely for security management with the aim of mitigating risks for MSF staff and operations.

MSF is currently involved in a major two-year internal consultation process to define its medium-term vision; one of the areas explored is acceptance of risk. The issue of risk differential per categories of staff will be part of that conversation. 

MSF’s existing staffing model has led to unequal access to recruitment and career development opportunities. This has caused a lack of diversity in team composition, created gender disparities in some staff groups, restricted access to coordination positions for locally hired staff, and resulted in over-representation of staff of European and Western origin in senior headquarters leadership roles. 

Our decentralised organisational structure, with multiple legal employers and different HR policies and practices, represents a key challenge when it comes to recruiting and developing our staff. There is no single organisational workforce strategy and our principles are applied differently across our various operational centres and other MSF entities. With several of our operational centres reporting a shortage of experienced internationally mobile staff, a further challenge is how to retain experienced staff at the same time as recruiting and developing new staff.  

Despite these challenges, there has been progress in the right direction. Our Dakar office is now the third largest recruiter in the MSF movement, after Paris and Brussels. We are certain that finding qualified staff from a broader range of regions will contribute to a better mix in our field teams and change the profile of our leaders and decision-makers in the medium and long term. 

Data shows that our internationally mobile workforce has become more diverse over the past 10 years. In 2020, 50% of 3,326 full-time equivalents (FTEs) were from countries in the Global South – a two-fold increase on 2009. 
However, internationally mobile staff from the Global North are more likely to be in senior management positions (including heads of mission), while those from the Global South are more likely to be in other roles. We need to look further at the reasons behind this.
The data also draws attention to other structural weaknesses – for example, only 33% of our project staff are female, and the percentage of our internationally mobile staff who are women recently fell for two consecutive years, from 46.2% in 2018 to 43% in 2020; again, we need to understand the reasons behind this. 

To address these and other inequities, we have put in place the following initiatives:

  • The ‘MSF International Contracting Office’ aims to address persisting inequities and administrative problems encountered by the 50% of internationally mobile staff who are resident in a country where MSF does not have a contracting office. Currently, these staff receive their contract from the operational centre which manages their assignment, which means they have no contract consistency if they are hired by another operational centre, hampering their mobility and access to jobs and causing differences in pay and benefits. From mid-2022, these staff will be provided with consistent contracts and better pay and benefits throughout their employment with MSF. 
  • Our learning and development platform, ‘Tembo’, aims to transform the way that our staff work, learn and develop themselves in order to maximise their skills, their talents and their positive impact on our humanitarian work. 
  • Our diversity, equity and inclusion repository and knowledge-sharing platform will facilitate a common understanding of DEI issues by developing a framework of accountability across MSF and facilitate a fluent exchange of information, insights, experiences and best practices between DEI practitioners in headquarters and in our projects. 

We are also improving access to human resources information so that all staff can inform themselves about the policies and the rationale behind them, with the following initiatives:

  • A new recruitment page on msf.org will mean that all vacancies will be accessible to anyone interested in working for MSF. To be launched in early 2022.
  • A new site (rewards.msf.org) with information on ‘MSF as an employer’ and reward policies will be accessible to all MSF staff (including those who have no MSF email address). To be launched in mid-2022.
  • A new HR Portal with all policies and guidelines will be accessible to staff with access to an MSF computer. To be launched in early 2022.

For many years, people working in communications and fundraising across MSF have had animated discussions on how to represent our work, our staff, our patients and their communities in a way acceptable to everyone. There have been regular challenges from within and outside MSF about materials perceived as insensitive, culturally inappropriate, failing to display the true diversity of our staff, or failing to show the agency of patients and members of their communities. In worst-case scenarios, some materials have been perceived as reinforcing white saviourism, neo-colonialism and racism.  

We fully intend to address these issues, while being aware that the concept of sensitive communication or representation varies from one society to the next and between languages. We need to find the right balance and refrain from imposing a single norm across MSF. At the same time, we need to ensure that our communications and fundraising staff can continue to release hard-hitting and truthful accounts of suffering and disaster when producing communication tools and campaigns, while seeking to do so in ways that avoid stereotyping and labelling individuals or communities in ways that could be offensive or could contribute to colonial, racist or other discriminatory tropes.

We have launched the following initiatives to make sure that our public communications embrace the principles of diversity, equity and inclusion: 

  • A dedicated taskforce was set up in April 2021 to work on the application of DEI principles to all of our communications and fundraising strategies, products and materials, including aspects related to racism and racial discrimination, as well as to gender, LGTBQIA+, people with disabilities and other forms of discrimination. It will adapt existing guidelines, produce a new guidance document, and organise and systematise the sharing of knowledge and experience around DEI to promote good practice. Once the guidelines are finalised in early 2022, we will use them as the basis for training and induction materials. 
  • An internal ’sounding board’ group will be active from January 2022 to look at upcoming communications products and campaigns from a DEI perspective. 
  • An online portal on DEI, available to all communications and fundraising staff, will be launched in early 2022. 
  • A project has been set up to review the 180,000 photos and videos hosted in our audio-visual media database, some of which date back 50 years. We will make sure that they comply with privacy and copyright regulations and we will critically review, annotate, archive or remove items which are outdated, sensitive or detrimental to a positive representation of our staff, communities, patients and activities. 

Against a backdrop of growing attention to discrimination, racism and accountability, we are developing processes to begin the integration of DEI into our medical policies and activities. At the same time we aim to reform medical data and activities to ensure that not only can we provide a quality service, but we can also hold ourselves to account for our choices and actions.

In early 2021, our medical directors began implementing the ‘Improving Collaborative Leadership’ (ICL) initiative, which aims to review interactions on medical issues within the MSF movement. DEI will also be integrated into our consultation processes with patients. 

In recent years, we have begun to question how decision-making power should be distributed across the MSF movement and shared with our projects for the benefit of our future social mission. As part of this, we have set up the ‘MSF Structures Project’, which aims to clarify ways in which new voices can become central to our collective decision-making process, while maintaining a solid and accountable governance mechanism. We plan to remove barriers, such as the requirement for MSF sections to be able to financially support themselves and contribute revenue to the movement.

This project will allow for more flexibility around the creation of new entities and will allow for alternative and innovative approaches which do not fit into the current rigid structure. 

Already, representation at the highest levels of the MSF movement is shifting: in 2020 and 2021, three new non-European regional sections (MSF Latin America, MSF South Asia and MSF East Africa) became voting members of MSF’s highest executive platform, bringing new voices to our governance structure, while MSF West Africa obtained the right to run operations.  

OPERATIONAL CENTRE AMSTERDAM (OCA)

Contact: [email protected];

OPERATIONAL CENTRE BRUSSELS (OCB)

Contact: [email protected]

OPERATIONAL CENTRE BARCELONA (OCBA)

For Field cases: [email protected]

For Headquarter cases: [email protected]

OPERATIONAL CENTRE GENEVA (OCG)

Contact: [email protected]

OPERATIONAL CENTRE PARIS (OCP)

Contact: [email protected]

Glossary of MSF decision-making platforms

Glossary of MSF decision-making platforms

International Board (IB) – is the Board of MSF International. It acts on behalf of, and is accountable to, the International General Assembly (IGA). Headed by the International President, the board is composed of both elected and co-opted members. Full details here.

Executive Committee (ExCom)
Full ExCom – executive decision-making body composed of the directors general of the 24 MSF sections and the International Medical Secretary; chaired by the International Secretary General.
Core ExCom – core executive decision-making body composed of the directors general/executive directors of the six operational directorates, the directors general of two elected partner sections, the International Medical Secretary, and chaired by the International Secretary General.

Operational Directorates (ODs) – the six directorates which decide where, what, when and how MSF responds to medical and humanitarian needs in the countries we work; they run independently of each other and are based in Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Geneva, Paris, and a West and Central Africa OD based in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.

RIOD – originally, in French/English, Réunion Internationale de Operational Directors. A platform consisting of the directors of operations of the six Operational Directorates within MSF, chaired by the International Operations Humanitarian Representation Coordinator.  

International Directors’ Platform for Human Resources (IDRH). The platform composed of the directors of human resources of the six operational directorates and two elected section HR directors, chaired by the International Human Resources Coordinator.

Directors of Communication platform (DirCom)
Full DirCom – platform composed of the directors and heads of communications of each section of the movement. Chaired by the International Communications Coordinator.
DirCom5 – the core decision-making body for communications, composed of the directors of communications for the six operational directorates, plus directors of communications elected from two partner sections. Chaired by the International Communications Coordinator.

Directors of Fundraising (DirFund) - platform composed of five elected heads of fundraising from MSF sections or branch offices, chaired by the International Fundraising Coordinator.

Medical Directors’ platform (DirMed) – composed of the medical directors of the six operational directorates, the Medical Director of the Access Campaign, the International Medical Coordinator, and International Medical Secretary.

Medical and Operational Directors platform (MedOp) – composed of members of the DirMed and RIOD platforms: the medical and operations directors of the six operational directorates, the executive and medical directors of the Access Campaign, the International Medical Coordinator, and the International Operations Humanitarian Representation Coordinator. Chaired by the International Medical Secretary.  

 

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