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An old man makes his way through Kutupalong megacamp. Bangladesh now hosts over 912,000 Rohingya refugees, of which over 700,000 arrived since 25 August 2019. Thousands more Rohingya are scattered across the region.
Two years on since the biggest ever influx of Rohingya refugees into Bangladesh, housing in the refugee camps in Bangladesh remain rudimentary, as do latrines and other basic infrastructure. Refugees have very little privacy or shelter from the elements. In one of the most flood and cyclone-prone areas of the world, shelters can be often destroyed, damaged or entirely washed away by heavy rains. The Rohingya lack legal status in Bangladesh, Malaysia and other host countries, meaning they are unable to access formal education, employment or build a future for themselves. They are unable to enjoy the right of freedom of movement and live with great uncertainty for what the future holds. They remain dependent on humanitarian assistance, living in a state of perpetual limbo and privation. 
Despite vocal international condemnation at the violence committed by Myanmar security forces against the Rohingya in 2017, there has been little meaningful diplomatic pressure on the Myanmar government, where the origin of the problem lies. Some 550,000-600,000 Rohingya still live in Rakhine state.  Approximately 130,000 Rohingya and other Muslims remain in de facto detention camps in central Rakhine state, unable to access basic services such as education or healthcare, or earn a living. In northern Rakhine, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya are completely cut off from international humanitarian aid. Our repeated requests for access to this region continue to be ignored or denied by the authorities.
MSF has been working with the Rohingya for decades – in Bangladesh on and off since 1985, in Myanmar since 1994, and in Malaysia starting in 2004.
An old man makes his way through Kutupalong megacamp in Cox's Bazar, which now hosts over 912,000 Rohingya refugees, of which over 700,000 arrived since 25 August 2019. Bangladesh, June 2019.
© Dalila Mahdawi/MSF

Being Rohingya in Bangladesh: “The population has been completely suspended in time”

An old man makes his way through Kutupalong megacamp in Cox's Bazar, which now hosts over 912,000 Rohingya refugees, of which over 700,000 arrived since 25 August 2019. Bangladesh, June 2019.
© Dalila Mahdawi/MSF
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“I first came to Cox’s Bazar in June 2017, at a time when thousands of Rohingya were already in Bangladesh from previous waves of targeted violence.

Even then, the needs were massive. I returned as project coordinator that August, as hundreds of thousands more people arrived.

It was obvious the Rohingya were fleeing violence – in one two-week period between August and September 2017, we watched pillars of smoke, most likely from houses and villages being burned, at several points across the border.

At the border crossings, we saw Rohingya arriving with burns, gunshots, lacerations, and smoke asphyxiation. The trauma was visible on people’s faces and bodies.

They settled in camps that were already well below basic living standards, and where there had been very few aid actors working previously.

One of the most striking things was the lack of dignity people had. Pregnant women and children were left virtually abandoned, people were defecating in the open, and they were ordered around by many different people and organisations. They did not seem to have much say in what happened to them.

Two years on, there are now better roads, more latrines and clean water points in and around the camps. There is more sense of order. But conditions in the camps remain precarious and big questions about people’s futures are still unanswered.

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Interview with Arunn Jegan, emergency coordinator for MSF in Bangladesh

Conditions in the camps remain precarious and big questions about people’s futures are still unanswered Arunn Jegan, emergency coordinator for MSF in Bangladesh

One of the most revealing conversations I’ve had was with a family I first met two years ago. The father recently told me: “Many NGOs are looking at this crisis from the perspective of the last two years, but I’m looking at it from the past 40 years – my whole life. I’m still trying to prove my identity as a human and that causes me immense pain and suffering.”

The population has been completely suspended in time. This status quo is not something we should accept.

There is no legal way for the Rohingya to work in Bangladesh, which contributes to massive social, economic and financial pressure.

Education provides a road map for any community to sustain and advance themselves, but Rohingya children aren’t allowed formal schooling.

Access to specialised care is another big issue – there are healthcare services available, but with limited freedom of movement, the level of care required is often out of reach. Mental health remains stigmatised within the Rohingya community, as in much of the world.

A idealised drawing of the Rohingya's homeland in Rakhine state, Myanmar, hangs in the waiting room of the mental health department of MSF's Kutupalong medical facility. 
MSF continues to provide comprehensive mental healthcare including psychiatric care to both Rohingya refugees and the local Bangladeshi population, performing 31,981 individual consultations between August 2017-July 2019. The targeted violence that forced the Rohingya to flee their homes in Myanmar, combined with the hazardous journey and an uncertain future means that many refugees experience panic attacks, flashbacks, recurring nightmares and insomnia, as well as illnesses such as post-traumatic disorders and major depression. 
Bangladesh now hosts over 911,566 Rohingya refugees, of which over 700,000 arrived since 25 August 2019. Thousands more Rohingya are scattered across the region.
Two years on since the biggest ever influx of Rohingya refugees into Bangladesh, housing in the refugee camps in Bangladesh remain rudimentary, as do latrines and other basic infrastructure. Refugees have very little privacy or shelter from the elements. In one of the most flood and cyclone-prone areas of the world, shelters can be often destroyed, damaged or entirely washed away by heavy rains. The Rohingya lack legal status in Bangladesh, Malaysia and other host countries, meaning they are unable to access formal education, employment or build a future for themselves. They are unable to enjoy the right of freedom of movement and live with great uncertainty for what the future holds. They remain dependent on humanitarian assistance, living in a state of perpetual limbo and privation. 
Despite vocal international condemnation at the violence committed by Myanmar security forces against the Rohingya in 2017, there has been little meaningful diplomatic pressure on the Myanmar government, where the origin of the problem lies. Some 550,000-600,000 Rohingya still live in Rakhine state.  Approximately 130,000 Rohingya and other Muslims remain in de facto detention camps in central Rakhine state, unable to access basic services such as education or healthcare, or earn a living. In northern Rakhine, hundreds of thousands of Rohingya are completely cut off from international humanitarian aid. MSF has been working with the Rohingya for decades – in Bangladesh on and off since 1985, in Myanmar since 1994, and in Malaysia starting in 2004.
A idealised drawing of the Rohingya's homeland in Rakhine state, Myanmar, which hangs in the waiting room of the mental health department of MSF's Kutupalong medical facility in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, June 2019.
Dalila Mahdawi/MSF
If we are looking for sustainable solutions, then the Rohingya need a roadmap for the future that includes access to things like jobs and education Arunn Jegan, emergency coordinator for MSF in Bangladesh

Amid all the uncertainty, one thing is clear. This is not the time for the humanitarian response to scale down.

Over 912,000 Rohingya are now in Bangladesh. We need to be talking about what we are doing for this population’s future, in Myanmar and countries hosting the Rohingya, like Bangladesh.

And yet short-term thinking continues for a long-term problem. The population is highly dependent on aid and we need to ask how long that can last.

If we are looking for sustainable solutions, then the Rohingya need a roadmap for the future that includes access to things like jobs and education.

When I think of the future for the Rohingya, my biggest hope is that they are able to return home safely.

Until then, I hope they are afforded greater self-sufficiency, education rights, as well as the legal recognition they deserve.

If these things don’t happen now, I fear the Rohingya will be in the same situation in another two years, only with even fewer services available to them. Any decrease in aid should only come in tandem with growing self-sufficiency.

History has repeated itself with the Rohingya and they remain forgotten. If this happened in Australia, where I’m from, the world would pay attention.

We have an opportunity to do better by them. The Government of Bangladesh has been accommodating but it’s not their burden to carry alone.

This is a regional issue affecting all of Myanmar’s neighbours, as well as an international one. We have to step up and ensure that they aren’t just getting food and water but a future too.”

History has repeated itself with the Rohingya and they remain forgotten. We have to step up and ensure that they aren’t just getting food and water but a future too. Arunn Jegan, emergency coordinator for MSF in Bangladesh