In 2025, MSF delivered emergency care, sexual and reproductive health services, mental health support, and treatment for non-communicable diseases and victims of gender-based violence through three hospitals, two healthcare centres, and a specialised clinic. Our teams also treated patients for acute watery diarrhoea, respiratory infections, dengue fever, and measles. The security situation continued to be volatile in and around the camps, due in part to the conflict over the border in Myanmar, which led to further arrivals of refugees. Despite growing needs, the humanitarian response was constrained by a decrease in international funding.

During the year, MSF launched a large-scale hepatitis C ‘test and treat’ campaign to address concerningly high levels of the disease in the camps. We established three specialised treatment centres within our existing facilities, filling a critical gap in care. We also tackled another major public health concern in Cox’s Bazar: water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions. We focused on improving water infrastructure, quality monitoring, outbreak prevention, and hygiene promotion. In 2025, the camps experienced the highest cholera surge since 2017, while scabies prevalence remained high.

MSF’s report, Illusion of choice, reveals that 58% of Rohingya refugees feel unsafe in camps, while 56% struggle to access essential healthcare. Only 37% were aware of ongoing global discussions about their future, leaving them with little agency or clarity regarding their long-term prospects. These figures underscore that, while 84% dread returning to Myanmar without their safety assured, staying in the camps offers them no dignity or control over their lives.

In response to climate-sensitive health threats, MSF launched a dengue response in Chattogram city, comprising vector control, epidemiological surveillance, and community awareness-raising activities. Meanwhile, in March, we handed over our project in Kamrangirchar, in Dhaka, to local authorities. For 15 years, we had run a range of services for factory workers and victims and survivors of sexual violence.