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  • Warning: Undefined array key "title" in template_preprocess_links() (line 661 of core/includes/theme.inc).
    template_preprocess_links()
    call_user_func_array() (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 129)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->block_content() (Line: 446)
    Twig\Template->yieldBlock() (Line: 77)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 68)
    __TwigTemplate_00a23219e26e84bc08d08978a6462d2d->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 112)
    __TwigTemplate_b778c7c23c39783a737232e49c187fd8->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 178)
    __TwigTemplate_99353cb37cc4c648bc35e0f38cf691f3->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 503)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 47)
    __TwigTemplate_3358bbb2d7cdc926b30d14d627f9820b->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 124)
    __TwigTemplate_189093285f3fe707bd7f16b2f47479ce->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 158)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 637)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 153)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90)
    Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray()
    call_user_func() (Line: 111)
    Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 185)
    Drupal\cloudflare\CloudFlareMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741)
    Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
    
  • Warning: Undefined array key "title" in template_preprocess_links() (line 717 of core/includes/theme.inc).
    template_preprocess_links()
    call_user_func_array() (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 129)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->block_content() (Line: 446)
    Twig\Template->yieldBlock() (Line: 77)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 68)
    __TwigTemplate_00a23219e26e84bc08d08978a6462d2d->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 112)
    __TwigTemplate_b778c7c23c39783a737232e49c187fd8->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 178)
    __TwigTemplate_99353cb37cc4c648bc35e0f38cf691f3->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 503)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 47)
    __TwigTemplate_3358bbb2d7cdc926b30d14d627f9820b->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 124)
    __TwigTemplate_189093285f3fe707bd7f16b2f47479ce->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 158)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 637)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 153)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90)
    Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray()
    call_user_func() (Line: 111)
    Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 185)
    Drupal\cloudflare\CloudFlareMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741)
    Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
    
  • Warning: Undefined array key "title" in template_preprocess_links() (line 661 of core/includes/theme.inc).
    template_preprocess_links()
    call_user_func_array() (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 129)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->block_content() (Line: 446)
    Twig\Template->yieldBlock() (Line: 77)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 189)
    __TwigTemplate_00a23219e26e84bc08d08978a6462d2d->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 112)
    __TwigTemplate_b778c7c23c39783a737232e49c187fd8->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 178)
    __TwigTemplate_99353cb37cc4c648bc35e0f38cf691f3->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 503)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 47)
    __TwigTemplate_3358bbb2d7cdc926b30d14d627f9820b->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 124)
    __TwigTemplate_189093285f3fe707bd7f16b2f47479ce->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 158)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 637)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 153)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90)
    Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray()
    call_user_func() (Line: 111)
    Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 185)
    Drupal\cloudflare\CloudFlareMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741)
    Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
    
  • Warning: Undefined array key "title" in template_preprocess_links() (line 717 of core/includes/theme.inc).
    template_preprocess_links()
    call_user_func_array() (Line: 261)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 129)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->block_content() (Line: 446)
    Twig\Template->yieldBlock() (Line: 77)
    __TwigTemplate_fc93a1219c2cc45380dc13bb033493a6->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 189)
    __TwigTemplate_00a23219e26e84bc08d08978a6462d2d->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 112)
    __TwigTemplate_b778c7c23c39783a737232e49c187fd8->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 178)
    __TwigTemplate_99353cb37cc4c648bc35e0f38cf691f3->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 503)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 47)
    __TwigTemplate_3358bbb2d7cdc926b30d14d627f9820b->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 484)
    Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 124)
    __TwigTemplate_189093285f3fe707bd7f16b2f47479ce->doDisplay() (Line: 402)
    Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 358)
    Twig\Template->display() (Line: 373)
    Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51)
    Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 33)
    twig_render_template() (Line: 348)
    Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 490)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 248)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 158)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 637)
    Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 153)
    Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 90)
    Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray()
    call_user_func() (Line: 111)
    Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 186)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76)
    Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 201)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 138)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 87)
    Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 48)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 36)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 185)
    Drupal\cloudflare\CloudFlareMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51)
    Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 741)
    Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 19)
    
In Adré transit camp, MSF-built water systems produced 654 m³ of water per day in May alone. Since March 2025, one of the 10 boreholes - borehole #11 - has been extracting water using a solar-powered pump, which then distributes water to five additional distribution points.

Water and sanitation

People gather to collect clean water at an MSF system in Adré transit camp. Chad, April 2025.
© Gabriella Bianchi/MSF
Ebola disease in DRC: find out how we're responding
Learn more
Clean water and sanitation services are necessities for good health.

After a flood, damaged infrastructure for sanitation and water services needs to be quickly fixed. At a new refugee camp, showers and latrines have to be built. And where waterborne diseases are endemic, safe sources for water must be identified.

Around the world, our teams are responding to disease outbreaks that result from unclean water and unsanitary living conditions. They’re also preventing these outbreaks from happening by providing communities with the water, sanitation, and hygiene services they need. Not only because people should be free from these diseases, but because clean water and sanitary living conditions are crucial for reinforcing people’s dignity. 

Video

Supplying clean water in Ethiopia

Negash Yitayew, MSF’s environmental health manager in Ethiopia, describes how his team supplies clean water to a hospital in the arid region of Afar. Ethiopia, 2024.
Omar Rashid/MSF
In 2024
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Water and sanitation

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